startup lawyers
startup lawyers
It seems like everyone you meet these days has founded a startup, works at a startup, or wants to sell you a package for startups. Or maybe we spend too much time hanging out at tech incubators?
A typical engagement with a Southeast Asian startup involves helping the business set up in, or flip to, Singapore. We then put in place governance documents such as a constitution, shareholders’ agreement and founder vesting documents.
Early on, we help Singapore startups get investment ready, taking care of the legal basics that investors expect to see covered. As your business grows, we also advise on company or group structuring, contractor arrangements and employee share incentive schemes.
We understand that cash is tight, yet there are endless issues to think about. To help out, we’ve developed free legal templates which you can use to cover the basics when you are just starting out. These tools are also a great learning resource.
Our team has learnt a massive amount about tech business over the years. Our startup clients get the benefit of that experience as part of the package, whether we are on the clock or catching up over a coffee.
"Kindrik Partners were instrumental to a fast and favourable outcome on the round.
As first time founders, we relied on their partnership for not only support with the necessary documentation, but advice on standard processes and critical regional context on terms."will hanschell, founder, pencil
top 10 legal templates for startups
From venture capital to drafting governance contracts, we help startups every day with their legal needs. We’ve rounded up our most popular templates and tips for putting this paperwork in place.
browse our other startup resources
Advisors help startups by offering expertise or perspectives that the core founder team may not have. Since most startups don’t have the cash to compensate these advisors, a common way to pay for their guidance is to offer equity.
We are often asked how companies should best go about this. In this guide we cover the types of advisor equity (shares versus options), how vesting can be incorporated, what else to cover, and other common questions.
types of advisor equity
When offering equity to advisors, there are two common roads to take: either giving shares, or granting options. The fundamental difference between shares and options is that if someone owns shares, they are immediately a shareholder in the company. If someone owns options, they have the right to purchase shares in the future.
share issue
Shares are a straightforward way to compensate an advisor. In most cases, advisors prefer shares rather than receiving options under the company’s option scheme. Like any share issue, the company will need to pass board and shareholder resolutions, as well as receiving necessary waivers and consents under the constitution and shareholders’ agreement in place. For that reason, a company intending to issue shares to advisors in the future usually carves this out under the constitution and shareholders’ agreement in the same way as they would an ESOP.
granting options
Options are an alternative way to compensate an advisor, and can be granted easily if a pool of options (such as an ESOP) has already been established. However, often advisors can come on board before the ESOP is formally set up.
If options are issued to an advisor, in the event that the advisor wants to exercise their options and convert them into shares, they will need to pay the ‘exercise price’, which may be around the price that the investors paid in the last funding round. This means that they will need to come up with cash to exercise their options.
how much to give?
There are different models to decide how much equity to offer. The Founders Institute gives a useful framework based on the stage of the company (idea, startup, or growth) and based on the various levels of engagement. This is really just a guide however.
| Idea Stage | Startup Stage | Growth Stage | |
| Standard: Monthly Meetings | 0.25% | 0.20% | 0.15% |
| Strategic: Add Recruiting | 0.50% | 0.40% | 0.30% |
| Expert: Add Contacts & Projects | 1.00% | 0.80% | 0.60% |
https://fi.co/insight/the-founder-institute-s-standard-advisor-agreement-for-startups-fast
vesting schedule
Advisor agreements typically have a vesting schedule of around 12-24 months, i.e. they are shorter than vesting schedules for founders and employees under an ESOP. This is because advisors generally bring greater value over a short term. As your startups grow, it cycles through different advisors that fit their applicable stage of growth.
Some advisor agreements also contain some measure of ‘claw back’ if the advisor does not perform make the expected contributions over the agreed period. An alternative to a provision like this would be using a cliff of 3-6 months to provide for a ‘test run’ to see if the relationship is beneficial.
other provisions
The advisor should agree that all intellectual property and other business, technical and financial information that the advisor obtains from the company or learns in connection with his or her services is appropriately assigned to the company.
As a minimum, the advisor should be subject to confidentiality provisions. You may want to add a no-conflict provision, and also a provision that the advisor complies with certain company policies.
Finally, there is usually a termination right for both parties and sometimes automatic termination if the company has not requested that the advisor render any services for a lengthy period.
tax implications
Options and shares are treated differently with regards to how they are treated in a tax sense. Generally speaking if you are issued shares for services, you would expect to have an income tax liability whereas options do not trigger a liability until exercised. We recommend obtaining tax and accounting advice before putting in place any advisor agreement.
advisor agreement template
We have produced a simple template agreement that a startup can use when bringing an investor on board. The template is drafted on the basis that the advisor receives shares, and that no cash compensation will be paid. It also provides that some of the shares may be clawed back by the company if the advisor fails to make the expected contributions over the agreed period, which is usually one or two years.
You can download our advisor share agreement template here. If you have any questions regarding the template or want to work with us to draft your advisor agreement, get in touch.
In the last few years, convertible notes have been frequently used on Singapore financings. Perhaps less common has been the use of SAFEs – the instrument created by Y-Combinator (YC) several years ago. However SAFEs are on the increase on fundraising deals across Southeast Asia.
Two years ago, YC reinvented the SAFE and launched what is now known as the ‘post-money’ SAFE. And just last month they released beta versions of the “Valuation Cap, no Discount” post-money safe and side letter specifically for companies registered in Singapore. You can access these here.
quick reminder – what’s a SAFE?
A simple agreement for future equity – in short, it’s an instrument convertible into shares similar to a KISS or convertible note. What’s different with a SAFE is that it doesn’t typically have any interest accruing, nor any maturity date and repayment obligation. They are therefore seen as a founder friendly investment tool to raise capital.
Like KISSes and other convertible notes, SAFEs typically convert into shares on the basis of a conversion price which is usually an agreed discount to the price of the next equity round, but which is subject to an overall valuation cap – i.e. whichever gives the lower price for investors.
so, what changed with the ‘post-money’ SAFE?
post-money SAFEs don’t dilute each other (bad news for founders)
The main change is that the new SAFE uses a post-money valuation cap instead of pre-money. The drafting change is fairly subtle to see: the definition of Fully Diluted Capital in the SAFE is amended to reflect the new principle. However, the impact can be significant. It means that the company’s valuation for calculating the conversion is “post” (i.e. after) the conversion of any other SAFEs or convertible instruments issued by the company, but prior to the valuation of the company immediately after the equity financing round. This results in further dilution for founders on conversion and potentially to any other investors that do not hold post-money SAFEs.
Just to be clear and to dispel a myth, by ‘post-money’, this is post all other SAFEs and convertible notes, but not post the next equity financing as well, as some founders have asked. That really would cause dilution!
Under post-money SAFEs, the post-equity financing option pool is no longer factored into the pre-money calculations, which actually benefits founders from a dilution perspective. Under the original SAFE, option pool expansions resulted in SAFE investors receiving additional shares. However, overall this doesn’t balance out the additional dilutive effect outlined above.
you’ll only feel the impact with multiple rounds of SAFEs
It is worth pointing out that for a company that only ever raises one SAFE investment round, a post-money SAFE has no real impact. Rather, it comes into play when more than one series of SAFEs or other convertible notes are issued. In Singapore, we perhaps see this less commonly than say in the US where substantial amounts are often invested using SAFEs and other convertible instruments, and not only in the first round of investment.
easier to calculate cap table (good news for founders)
YC’s view at the time of launching the new SAFE was that it makes the maths simpler for everyone and creates more certainty over ownership and dilution. Which is probably true. But if you issue more than one round of SAFEs or other convertible notes, and you use post-money SAFEs, founders will likely experience more dilution on conversion than they would have done under the original YC SAFE, simple as that.
In light of this, if presented with a post-money SAFE, founders may want to negotiate up the valuation cap to mitigate against the dilutive impacts potentially coming into effect.
what else did YC change?
The original YC SAFE granted holders a pro-rata right on the next financing round. The new SAFE doesn’t automatically include this. Instead, YC put out a separate side letter on their website under which these additional pro-rata rights might be granted.
Also, the old SAFE could only ever be amended by the holder. The new SAFE on the other hand permits amendments by written consent from a majority of SAFE holders. This is something we think is valuable on all convertible instruments, i.e. the holders effectively make decisions on a consensus basis, avoiding one single small investor taking a different view holding things up.
other key points to remember about a SAFE
Not specific to the new post money version, but whenever drafting or reviewing a SAFE, keep these tips in mind:
- Look out for most favoured nation (MFN) provisions. These enable early investors to have the benefit of any rights granted to future SAFE holders which might be more beneficial. If nothing else, it can be a burden reissuing new SAFEs on these better terms to lots of prior investors.
- SAFEs typically convert automatically on completion of the next equity financing. There should ideally be no minimum amount to be raised to trigger this automatic conversion under a SAFE. Some investors like to include a threshold to ensure it is a legitimate fundraising round. Always be careful you do not go too high with this so as to prevent automatic conversion of the SAFE.
- A SAFE (like all convertible instruments) should include language to the effect that, on conversion, holders will only have the benefit of their lower conversion price for the purposes of liquidation preference and anti-dilution rights. This can be achieved through issuing a separate class of “shadow” preferred shares, or just by drafting carefully the relevant provisions in the constitution and shareholders agreement put in place on the equity round.
round up
If you are presented with any kind of SAFE right now, it will most likely be the post-money version, so come and have a chat to us.
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Singapore based property startup 99.co likes a challenge. Dominated by well funded regional players, there would be easier sectors to disrupt than online property. However 99.co is fighting hard with a unique proposition. The company has raised two rounds of funding since incorporation and is backed by high-profile investors including Sequoia Capital and Facebook co-founder, Eduardo Saverin.
Founder and CEO, Darius Cheung, talked to us about the company’s progress, its most recent capital raising transaction in 2015, and how they have found working with Kindrik Partners.
the 99.co story
Darius is one of Singapore’s celebrated young tech entrepreneurs having sold mobile security startup tenCube to McAfee in 2010. This was a decent sized exit for a Singapore tech startup at the time. With the current hot funding environment and massive interest in mobile disruptive technologies in Southeast Asia, Darius is now looking to build a company for an even larger exit.
Not surprisingly, given the city state’s rapid growth, Singaporeans have always had a real interest in property. So 99.co is playing in a compelling space. Singapore has over 30,000 property agents many of which use online real estate platforms such as 99.co. The company recently set up an Indonesian website and plan to get going in Malaysia and Thailand further down the line.
99.co differentiates itself from larger competitors by promising a more intuitive search experience, where the rankings for listings are influenced by the quality of the published content. The site, for example, could favour listings with more photos or with value add information such as commute times or local amenities. This contrasts with the traditional model where the level of fees paid typically pushes classifieds higher. Darius believes that users will increasingly seek this kind of consumer friendly experience.
99.co charges agents a basic subscription fee to list their properties. The company has, however, recently launched a new product called 99PRO – a subscription model where agents can unlock additional features like interactive map searches and new data.
challenges
Darius agrees that the competition is tough to crack in Singapore and the region, given the dominant players. Content is king – the number of listings is fundamental to the success of the business. Bridging the gap, and chasing the platforms that have the majority market share, requires innovative offerings. Plus it’s a crowded market. Aside from other startups trying to challenge those established players, print media still retains a surprisingly sizeable chunk of the market.
The nature of 99.co’s subscription model means the company will need to add alternative revenue streams over time.
Finally, talent acquisition in Singapore and building the 99.co team has been difficult given the number of other startups also hiring sought-after developers.
working with kindrik partners
Lee Bagshaw was introduced to Darius by one of 99.co’s investors. Lee has helped the company through each of its financing transactions. Most recently in 2015, Lee, supported by Chris Wilson, advised on the company’s series B transaction led by Sequoia and Saverin.
Darius’ previous view on lawyers had been that they were expensive and it was not always easy to see their value. He describes working with Lee as a breath of fresh air. Whether by email, on the phone, by WhatsApp or even in the passenger seat of Darius’ car, Lee’s advice was always simple to understand, but with real value add.
Darius was impressed with Kindrik Partners’s knowledge of VC financing deals in Southeast Asia. He says Lee and the team were also very fast, generally turning documents around in under 24 hours. Darius believes that, by working for a tech focussed firm, the Kindrik Partners lawyers have a greater connection with startup founders, combined with unique experience. Throughout the negotiations, Darius found that even if the company could not secure the best outcome on all points, Lee and Chris ensured that he understood clearly the implications, so he could quickly move on.
summing up
99.co are operating in an exciting space in Southeast Asia. Real estate tech companies globally have grown rapidly, achieving some astonishing valuations.
Sequoia’s and Saverin’s backing shows that notable investors are looking carefully at this space in Southeast Asia, particularly for platforms that are distinguishable from the others.
Kindrik Partners will be closely watching 99.co continue its growth to become a significant online property player in Southeast Asia.
Explore 99.co.
[Note: The firm’s name was changed to Kindrik Partners in July 2020 and references to the firm’s previous name have been updated.]
Malaysian point of sale (POS) startup StoreHub is on a mission to help businesses execute better, through innovative technology and great design.
Wai Hong Fong, StoreHub CEO and co-founder, recently talked to us about his company and how he has found working with Kindrik Partners on their Series A capital raise.
the storehub story
Wai Hong refers to himself as an accidental entrepreneur. Most of his family are professionals and he says that it was a combination of kind of stumbling into opportunities plus being frustrated with a problem and wanting to solve it, which led him to where he is today.
After completing his BA in arts, media and philosophy at the University of Melbourne, he co-founded and became Managing Director at OZHut a lifestyle online retailer, where he did everything from writing code, web development and design, search engine optimization and even running the packing tables at the warehouse.
After 5 years at OzHut, he moved to China to study Mandarin and met a friend running a small retail store who asked him to look at his POS given Wai Hong’s e-Commerce background. He realised how terrible it was and not only wanted to help his friend fix this but other small to medium businesses that required offline and online sales support.
Wai Hong knew that the iPad POS was taking off in the US but there were no alternatives in Asia. With the belief that it was time for technology to revolutionise the traditional POS industry in Asia, and to help build better businesses, he co-founded StoreHub in 2013, along with current Chief Technology Officer, Congyu Li.
In the first 12 months of development, they bootstrapped the company then received a small investment from an angel investor, as well as a grant from Malaysia’s Cradle Fund. Wai Hong says that this initial funding allowed them to grow their product quickly and we’ve been cashflow positive and profitable since late 2015.
StoreHub is now a cloud-based iPad POS with inventory management, reporting and CRM, accessed via a mobile responsive backend, with over 850 retail stores paying a monthly subscription and customers in Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand and Indonesia.
In addition to the POS product offering, StoreHub supports its product with exceptional customer service based on the business to consumer experience which is not commonly offered by the industry.
In 2016, StoreHub announced a partnership with Malaysia-listed payments giant GHL Systems to deliver a fully integrated mobile point of sale (mPOS) credit card terminal and iPad POS solution. They also secured USD$850k in their Series A capital raising round from 500 Startups, as well as investors in China, Singapore and Malaysia.
Wai Hong says that StoreHub now plans to grow at least another 5 times its current size in the next year, add complementary products to their core offering and also enter new South East Asian markets, such as Thailand and Philippines.
challenges
Wai Hong notes that the biggest challenge for StoreHub is hiring and managing people, especially on a shoestring budget, talent acquisition and management is key.
The POS market is also highly competitive however StoreHub manages to differentiate because of their broad offering and leveraging their customer service focus which is generally seen as an afterthought in the industry. Being product and tech obsessed has also helped them stay ahead of the pack.
working with Kindrik Partners
Wai Hong primarily dealt with lawyers for the angel investment which involved local lawyers but it unfortunately turned out to be a painful and expensive experience.
He was then introduced to Kindrik Partners partner Lee Bagshaw through former Kindrik Partners lawyer, now investment analyst at tech VC Monks Hill, Lucy Luo. Lee supported StoreHub through the Series A capital raising, including drafting all of the documents which is unique for a deal like this, as investors usually provide the first round of documents.
Wai Hong says that it was our first serious cap raise and it was a refreshing experience given the angel investment round, knowing if I had an issue I would be getting sound advice. It made a huge difference that Lee thoroughly understood the South East Asian venture capital landscape, particularly as they had to negotiate with the investors.
Given Lee really understood StoreHub’s business, Wai Hong would work with him again on further corporate governance work like an Employee Share Options Scheme. He has also recommended both Kindrik Partners and Lee to a whole bunch of startups.
He says not only was Lee fast at delivering the work which helped StoreHub maintain their professionalism with investors, but he gets the space, market standards and provides valuable industry insights. Wai Hong thought Lee’s wealth of experience showed specifically when he advised on the all important term sheet, his advice and guidance was spot on.
Wai Hong also thinks that the Kindrik Partners Templates are also pretty cool, providing good information and learning points, and are a good starting point for legal work.
summing up
StoreHub’s growth is a testament to the company’s commitment to building a product and providing outstanding customer service. Kindrik Partners can’t wait to see what Wai Hong and the team have planned for their ambitious next steps.
Explore StoreHub.
[Note: The firm’s name was changed to Kindrik Partners in July 2020 and references to the firm’s previous name have been updated.]
Fintech startups are the next big thing in the Southeast Asian tech scene. Kindrik Partners client C88 (formerly Compare88) is racing ahead of the pack after securing the backing of high-profile VC investors including Telstra Ventures.
C88 provides online financial services price comparison tools, helping consumers to compare the offers of major brands for products such as credit cards, personal loans, mortgages, vehicle loans, savings accounts and insurance. The company also offers a brokerage service, enabling consumers to purchase products directly on the C88 platform – for which C88 has secured relevant financial services licences through Southeast Asia.
Founder and CEO, J.P. Ellis, talked to us about the company’s background, its most recent series B financing round, and how they have found working with Kindrik Partners.
the c88 story
Prior to C88, founders Karl Knoflach and J.P. worked in private equity, finance, operations and leadership. The C88 senior team also consists of Gary Empl, a professional software developer with over two decades of experience leading teams in the creation of cutting-edge software in the financial services industry. Karl and Gary were part of the original founding team of einsurance.de in Munich in 1999 – a revolutionary company in the German insurance space which later became Check24.de, the German market-leader.
C88’s commercial teams in Indonesia, the Philippines and other markets are made up of senior bankers, insurance executives and sales operators with many years of experience in financial products sales and distribution. This experience, and the networks that senior team members bring, is crucial to C88 maintaining its market leader position.
J.P. notes that the Southeast Asian economy’s migration to digital begin with communities moving online for social needs. This was followed by online purchasing of physical goods, usually electronics and clothes, then travel bookings, followed more recently by financial services. This migration began in earnest in 2009, and by 2011 there were already major e-commerce providers. Online channel emerged in the insurance vertical in 2013, and C88 followed quickly releasing its platform in 2014.
J.P. observes that high traffic digital marketplaces, such as C88’s CekAja.com brand in Indonesia and eCompareMo.com brand in the Philippines, benefit consumers as well as underwriters. C88 can use its volume to create pricing efficiency for their customers. That volume also reduces the overall cost of acquisition for underwriters. Prior to the emergence of financial services e-commerce, banks and insurers basically only had two options for sales in the large markets of Southeast Asia: branches or physical agents. Digital sales through C88’s platform provides a highly cost-effective alternative.
challenges
Southeast Asia remains highly fragmented. Operating a multi-jurisdictional structure that is attractive to both consumers and providers, while keeping national regulators on-side, is challenging.
The company also faces the challenge of creating a common culture across national teams. Incentivising teams in different verticals and across countries to work together to solve problems creatively is an ever-evolving process of creative leadership and problem solving.
J.P adds that fortunately, C88’s team are multi-lingual and truly love what they do. It is not at all uncommon for them to log long hours during the week and weekends, because they genuinely enjoy what they do in building systems and solving problems for consumers in the region.
working with Kindrik Partners
As well as advising C88 on its venture capital financing rounds, Kindrik Partners’s Lee Bagshaw and Chris Wilson have helped C88 implement a variety of business critical structures including inter-company, cross-border licensing agreements and intellectual property documentation.
J.P says that Kindrik Partners provided high-quality and competitively-priced legal services in the critical areas of C88’s business. J.P. particularly appreciated the level of support he received when negotiating and completing the company’s recent Series B round led by Telstra Ventures – he says that the Kindrik Partners team know venture capital deals inside out, and made the negotiation of the financing documentation a breeze.
Kindrik Partners looks forward to helping C88 to continue its journey to become a leading fintech player in Southeast Asia and beyond.
Explore C88.
[Note: The firm’s name was changed to Kindrik Partners in July 2020 and references to the firm’s previous name have been updated.]